Conditional Sentence

Conditional sentence ( KALIMAT Pengandaian)

Adalah kalimat yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan keinginan yang kemungkinan  dapat terwujudkan namun kemungkinan pula tidak dapat terwujudkan.

‘Conditional sentence’ selalu berupa kalimat majemuk bertingkat (compound sentence) sehingga selalu terdiri dari anak kalimat ( if-clause) dan induk kalimat ( main-clause ).

Ada tiga type conditional sentence, yaitu :

      1. Future conditional sentence

      2. Present conditional sentence

      3. Past conditional sentence

1. Future conditional sentence

Untuk menyatakan  Peristiwa atau keinginan yang kemungkinan dapat terwujudkan di waktu yang akan datang.

            

                  Present Future tense                          Present tense

            -------------------------------------   if    ------------------------------

     Subject + will + Verb₁ + Object            Subject + verb₁ + Object

Example :  - I will buy a new car if I have much money.

                    - If  she is at home tonight, I will phone her

 Note : - Pada ‘main-clause’ selain ‘will’ kita bisa menggunakan kata bantu   modal lainnya, seperti : shall, can, may, must.

             - Pada’if-clause’ jika predikatnya bukan kata kerja gunakan to be :

                is, am  atau are.

     2. Present conditional sentence

         Untuk menyatakan keinginan atau peristiwa yang berlawanan dengan kenyataan waktu sekarang.

               

              Past future tense                                           Past tense

  ---------------------------------------------  If   -------------------------------------

  Subject + Would + Verb₂ + Object            Subject + Verb₂ + Object

Example : - She would go to my party this afternoon  if   I invited her

                   - If I were at home now, he would see me.

Note : - Pada ‘main-clause’ kita bisa menggunakan kata bantu modal

              lainnya, seperti : should, could, might or had to.

            - Pada ‘if-clause’ jika predikatnya bukan kata kerja , gunakan                                                                 

               to be : ‘ were’ untuk semua subjek.

3. Past conditional sentence

Untuk menyatakan keinginan atau peristiwa yang berlawanan dengan kenyataan waktu lampau.

        Past future perfect tense                                        Past perfect tense

 --------------------------------------------------  if    -------------------------------------------

 Subject + Would + have + verb₃ + Object           Subject + had + Verb₃ + Object

 Example : - I would have bought a dictionary  if  my father had given money to me.

                 - if she had been here yesterday, I would have talked to her.

Note : - Pada ‘ if-clause ‘ jika predikatnya bukan kata kerja gunakan

             to be : “ been “ untuk semua subjek. 

LATIHAN SOAL

I.	Choose the correct answer by crossing a, b, c, or d
1	If Galuh and Desta went to Bali, I ………………….
	a. would went to Bali too			c. will go to Bali too
	b. would go to Bali too			d. go to Bali too
2	If Marry …….. Hungry, she would have eaten something
	a. is	b. was	c. had been		d. were
3	Teacher	: What will you do for the next weekend?
	Andi	: ……………………..
	a. If I have enough money, I will go to the zoo
	b. I would go to the beach if father really ask me
	c. I will visit the museum if you asked me, sir
	d. If mother gave me money, I will go to Bali.
4	If I ……. You, I would send the contract by a courier
	a. am	b. were	c. was	d. is
5	Tony	: " Did you come to Bella's birthday yesterday?"
	Lois	: " Yes, I did. It's a good that Ann reminded me about it
		……………………………………
	a. I would forget if she didn't remind me
	b. I will forget if she doesn't remind me
	c. I might forget if she doesn't remind me
	d. I would have forgotten if she hadn't reminded me
6	If the smoke alarm rings, ……… the building quickly
	a. leave	b. leaves	c. leaving	d. to leave
II.	Identify the one underlined word that should be corrected
7	If the speaker will prepare her presentation well, she will have more confidence
	A            B                      C                                              D
8	If the service is not prompt, the customer would go to another restaurant
	A                 B                               C               D
9	She will accompany you to go if she will have time
	A                  B   C            D
10	If I was the manager of the company, I would give you a salary raise
	A                                                       B          C                D
III.	Put the verbs in brackets into the coreect forms
1	If she ……. ( have ) time, she will phone me tonight
2	I …….. ( show ) you the meaning of that word if I knew it
3	If we ……. ( take ) this umbrella, you wouldn't hae got wet
4	If I …… ( be - not ) busy, I could come to your house
5	If I ……. ( be - not ) busy yesterday, I would have visited you

Subjunctive

Subjuntive

Adalah keinginan atau harapan yang berlawanan dengan kenyataan atau faktanya. Jadi subjuntive intinya sama dengan pengandaian.

Kata-kata yang bisa mengekpresikannya adalah :

Wish( berharap ), if only ( seandainya ), as if / as though (seolah-olah ) dan would rather ( lebih suka ).

Adakalanya kenyataan itu terjadi pada masa yang akan datang   ( Future ), masa sekarang ( Present ), masa lampau (Past tense )

Oleh karena itu Rumus subjunctive pun dibagi menjadi tiga berdasarkan waktunya. Yaitu :

1.    Subjunctive in future tense
2.    Subjunctive in present tense
3.    Subjunctive in past tense

 1. Subjuntive in future tense.

           Adalah keinginan atau harapan yang berlawanan dengan  kenyataan pada masa yang akan datang.

     Adapun Rumusnya adalah :

            Subjunctive Verb + S + could/would + Verb₁

     Contoh :

        a. Subjunctive : I wish I could come to your party tomorrow.

                               ( Aku berharap aku bisa datang ke pestamu   besuk )

             Faktanya    : I will not come.

        b. Subjunctive  : If only I could follow the tour to Bali next month

                                ( Seandainya aku bisa ikut tour ke Bali bulan depan ).

            Faktanya      : I will not follow.

       c. Subjunctive   : You bring an umbrella as if today would rain

                                 ( Kamu bawa payung seolah-olah mau hujan  saja ).

          Faktanya        : Today will not rain.

2. Subjunctive in present tense,

     adalah keinginan atau harapan yang berlawanan dengan kenyataan waktu sekarang.

    

Adapun Rumusnya adalah :

             Subjunctive Verb + S + Verb₂

    Contoh :

          a. Subjunctive      : I wish I knew what to do.

                          ( saya berharap saya tahu apa yang saya lakukan).                Faktanya           : I don’t know what to do.

         b. Subjunctive       : If only I didn’t have homework, I can sleep.

                                        ( Seandainya saya tidak punya PR, saya bisa tidur ).

             Faktanya           : I have homework.

         c. Subjunctive       : She acts as if she were an artist.

                                        ( Dia bertingkah seolah-olah dia seorang artis)

             Faktanya            : She is not an artist.

3. Subjunctive in past tense.

            Adalah keinginan atau harapan yang berlawanan dengan  kenyataan pada masa lampau.

     Adapun Rumusnya adalah :

                 Subjenctive Verb + S + had + Verb₃    

     Contoh :

          a. Subjunctive      : I wish I had studied hard when I was at school.

                                       ( saya berharap saya belajar giat waktu sekolah ).

             Faktanya          : I didn’t study hard.

         b. Subjunctive      : If only I had known that Sean is your girl, I would not touch her .

                                      ( Seandainya saya bahwa Sean adalah gadismu saya tidak akan menyentuhnya ).

              Faktanya         : I didn’t know.

          c. Subjunctive     : She passed in front of me as if she had never known me.

                                      ( Dia lewat didepanku seolah-olah dia tidak mengenalku saja. )

             Faktanya          : She knew me.

Exercise :

I.   Adjust the verb in bracket to express ‘ wish ‘ condition.

a.     I wish my uncle (be) here now to give some advice.

b.     I wish I ( know ) about the matter several weeks ago.

c.     I wish It (be) possible for me to help you yesterday.

d.   I wish our teacher ( not come ) into the class today.

II.  Write real facts of the sentences above.

1. .................................................................
2. .................................................................
3. .................................................................
4. .................................................................

                                                                     

III.    Use ‘if only’ on these real facts to make unreal facts

1.   He failed his examination last year.

2.   I don’t come early to the class today

3.   She is not in this classroom

4.   He didn’t keep his promise yesterday

IV  . Use ‘ I would rather/I’d rather ‘ on these real facts to make unreal facts.

1.   You don’t talk about your problem

2.   The students made a noise in the class

3.   The little boy is careless

4.   The teacher gives difficult tests.